The Obama Doctrine: No Good for Foreign Policy

After missteps addressing Congressional concerns, President Obama has articulated clearly the goals, means and duration of the U.S. military action in Libya. Critics may say he did not address those issues, but he did and the answers are not acceptable.

The President’s speech at the War College articulated the Obama Doctrine on the use of U.S. military force when America’s humanitarian interests may be at stake but an imminent threat to U.S. security is not present.

The President made clear the United States reserves the right to unilaterally use military force to address direct threats to “our people, our homeland, our allies and our core interests.” Something less direct, but equally important to the President, is at stake in Libya; but the United States is constrained, under the Obama Doctrine, to act in concert with other nations, on a more limited basis, to achieve key objectives.

Prior to allied air strikes, troops loyal to Muammar al-Qaddafi were quite close to crushing the popular uprising in Libya and massacring the opposition. By any reasonable reading of international human rights law, Qaddafi is culpable for human rights crimes on a grand scale, but why is it an American responsibility to respond?

Prior to World War I, international law was quite clear that sovereigns were free to do whatever they chose to their citizens to maintain order and control, as long as their actions did not affect conditions in neighboring states. Gradually, in the first half of the twentieth century, this principle came down. This began after World War I with the creation of institutions like the International Labor Organization, whose core principles compel member states to guarantee freedom of association and by implication guarantee free speech.

The Holocaust and Nuremberg Trials ended the notion that national governments are compelled by international law to turn a blind’s eye when other national governments inflict atrocities. Over the last seven decades, governments of all stripes have articulated an elaborate web of international human rights law with limited remedies. The latter includes international courts and extraterritorial jurisdiction for domestic courts to bring to justice deposed leaders who commit crimes against humanity.

However, the pressing question is when do governments have a right and responsibility to intervene militarily against the actions of other governments that violate international human rights law, as is the case with Qaddafi?

Neither the United States nor an assembly of allies with comparable resources can be expected to police the world. More importantly, no national leader or legislature, under emerging international law has the wisdom or right to assume that authority.

In President Obama’s mind, that wisdom and divine responsibility are logged in the UN Security Council and the collective mind of the Atlantic Alliance supplemented by consent from neighboring governments in the region of the atrocity. In his speech, the President referenced the consent and resources of both NATO and several Arab states.

In the mind of President Obama, the United States does not have the moral or legal authority to lead -- even as it provides the bulk and most essential military resources. The command structure must be within NATO; however, running a military action by international committee hardly fosters quick decision making and is hardly the best formula for success.

Why, with a GDP and population larger than the United States, the EU cannot carry the heaviest load is a question a succession of presidents have not been willing to press. Under the Obama Doctrine, the Europeans get to command U.S. troops and spend U.S. money to accomplish goals more central to their collective security—look at the map, Libya is a lot closer to France than Maine.

The President, recognizing the limits of intervention, has divided the task into two goals -- avoiding massacre and permitting the popular uprising the opportunity to prevail -- and removing Qaddafi -- apparently because international authority in the form of UN resolutions only permits the former. To depose the tyrant and end atrocities, the United States and its allies must rely on an arms embargo, freezing Libya’s foreign assets and similar economic measures -- those are methods with questionable records of success.

Hence, our commitment in Libya is open ended -- we stay as long as the threat of massacre is present and the allies want American troops -- and getting rid of Qaddafi, a worthy and stated American goal -- must rely on other, less effective means. Without a permission slip from the UN, even covert actions to destabilize Qaddafi, though more palatable than air attacks, are illegal.

Should the conflict end in stalemate, the United States will be stuck, as it was enforcing a no fly zone over Iraq after the liberation of Kuwait in 1991, indefinitely enforcing another no fly zone over Libya.

It appears under the Obama Doctrine the United States is committed to putting troops in harm’s way and bearing the heaviest financial costs as long as the coalition of NATO and selected Arab states want U.S. troops. And the very nature of running a war by committee reduces the likelihood of success and extends the likely duration of the U.S commitment and exacerbates the risks to U.S. troops.

Simply, by compelling an open ended commitment under international control and limited tools to resolve the conflict, the Obama Doctrine and the Libyan campaign are not good foreign policy.

Peter Morici is a professor at the Smith School of Business, University of Maryland School, and former Chief Economist at the U.S. International Trade Commission.