Steelcase Inc. (SCS) Q3 2019 Earnings Conference Call Transcript

Steelcase, Inc. (NYSE: SCS)Q3 2019 Earnings Conference CallDec. 19, 2018, 8:30 p.m. ET

Prepared Remarks:

Operator

Good day, everyone, and welcome to Steelcase's Third Quarter Fiscal 2019 Conference Call. As a reminder, today's call is being recorded.

For opening remarks and introductions, I would like to turn the conference call over to Mr. Mike O'Meara, Director of Investor Relations, Financial Planning, and Analysis.

Mike O'Meara -- Director of Investor Relations, Financial Planning, and Analysis

Thank you, Candace. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us for the recap of our third quarter financial results. Here with me today are Jim Keane, our President and Chief Executive Officer; and David Sylvester, our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Our third quarter earnings release, which crossed the wires yesterday, is accessible on our website. This conference call is being webcast, and this webcast is a copyrighted production of Steelcase, Inc. A replay of this webcast will be posted to ir.steelcase.com later today.

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Our discussion today may include references to non-GAAP financial measures and forward-looking statements. Reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measures and details regarding the risks associated with the use of forward-looking statements are included in our earnings release, and we are incorporating, by reference, into this conference call the text of our Safe Harbor statement included in the release. Following our prepared remarks, we will respond to questions from investors and analysts.

I will now turn the call over to our President and Chief Executive Officer, Jim Keane.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Mike, and good morning, everyone. We're pleased with our third quarter results, and we expect a good fourth quarter, as well.

Let's start with results to the third quarter. We grew sales 17% globally on a reported basis and 13% organically. The Americas sales were up 12% organically, which, again, appears to be faster than the industry. And by the way, the U.S. industry is doing pretty well with BIFMA reporting about 5% year-over-year shipment growth for the three months ending in October.

Our EMEA and APAC regions also reported strong revenue growth. We grew global orders by 10% in Q3, which is supporting our 9% to 12% organic revenue growth estimate for the fourth quarter. Orders remained strong in the first few weeks of Q4, and we expect December shipments to be the highest we've seen in many years.

Our reported earnings per share grew more than 40% over the prior year. Earnings per share growth was more than 60% after adjusting for a pension charge I'll cover in a moment. We expected a good quarter, but earnings were a little better than we expected because of some favorable tax adjustments and also because Americas gross margins came in higher than we estimated. Our gross margins are below prior year, primarily because of inflation, particularly in steel, labor, and freight. We are now approaching a point where our price increases earlier this year are offsetting the rate of inflation, so we don't expect to see additional erosion. As time goes by, we intend to recapture our lost margin through normal price increases and improved productivity.

Our EMEA business had another strong quarter of year-over-year profit improvement, driven by 12% organic revenue growth. Our new products and partnerships and good performance by our sales organization in developing deeper client relationships have helped us sustain higher win rates.

As you can imagine, our factories were really busy, and that led to higher overtime and overhead costs and some challenges to our overall operational efficiency. Gross margins were somewhat lower because of these costs, and, of course, our operations teams are on it, working to make sure we're ready to support additional growth.

EMEA's operating loss reflects the initial effects of purchase accounting relating to the Orangebox acquisition. Dave will cover that in his remarks, but for now just know that if we exclude Orangebox completely, EMEA would have been profitable in the quarter.

I want to call out one more thing in our results. We recorded an unexpected charge of $11 million related to a multi-employer defined benefit pension plan that has long covered our active and retired unionized truck drivers and mechanics in the U.S. We make our required payments to plan every month as agreed with the union. We have previously disclosed in our 10-Ks the possibility that we could be required to make additional payments to the plan because it is severely underfunded. And, in fact, we received a letter from the plan this quarter notifying us that their trustees will review whether to terminate our participation in the plan because we employee far fewer covered drivers today than we have in the past.

Termination by the trustees would require us to pay our withdrawal liability. This is typically done through a series of fixed monthly payments over 20 years. We're still in discussions, so we believe it is probable we will accept their decision. Our $11 million charge this quarter is the net present value of these payments. Adjusted for the related bonus and tax effects, the net effect of the charge on net income amounts to $5.5 million, or $0.05 of earnings per share.

Now, we'll talk about business conditions in each market. Despite the obvious stock market volatility, we see a supportive economic in the U.S. CEO confidence has taken a hit because of trade concerns, but is still very strong versus historical benchmarks because of lower tax rates. Corporate profits, job growth, nonresidential fixed investment all remain encouraging, and companies are investing in their workplace. In a recent PwC survey, 86% of CEOs agreed that modernizing their work environment is one of their strategies to attract or develop digital talent. It was actually the strategy mentioned most often in the study.

At the same time, there is plenty to be concerned about. Brexit could affect our UK business, and we saw significant softening in UK order patterns during our third quarter that we thought could be related, but in recent weeks, orders have improved again. We're watching closely and preparing for various scenarios.

The disruptions in Paris had some minor impact on our logistics, and again we saw some weakness in our orders in France that might be related. But more recently, we've had a series of wins that could help to offset the weakness.

Trade tensions between the U.S. and China are likely to affect business confidence on both sides. This could reduce investment by multinationals in the region, as well as local and global expansion plans by Chinese headquartered companies we serve. While that's all true, our APAC business has been strengthening throughout the year.

So, yes, there's disruption, but it feels like our business is expanding because of our clients' need to compete for talent and reinvest in their workplace, and that still has a lot of energy behind it. The investments we made in new products and acquisitions are paying off, and we saw a 4% growth in our refreshed legacy portfolio this quarter, as well.

One last point, and here I'm stepping back from just what happened this quarter or what we expect next quarter. We're having a good year because of strategies we developed more than a year ago and because of a number of long-term investments we made over the last several years. We invested in our Munich LINC, and it's helping us improve our win rates. We increased our investment in product development, and it's helping us improve our win rates. We made a few targeted acquisitions to expand our adjustable market, and we're very pleased with our early progress.

As we look to next year, we expect to see more impact from those investments and more traction from the partnerships we developed, including West Elm Workspace, which began taking orders for new products just this week.

So, the point is, our strategy is working. We have to stay agile. We have to respond quickly as business conditions change. We've done that several times this year, but the strategy itself is working. We started fiscal year '19 expecting it to be one of the best years we've had in over a decade, and with a quarter to go, we believe we're on track to achieve that goal, and we're optimistic about the outlook for fiscal year '20.

So, thank you for your interest in our company. I'll turn it over to Dave for a deeper look at our results.

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Jim, and good morning, everyone. I will cover our third quarter financial results first, noting where results differed from our expectations and highlighting year-over-year and sequential quarter comparisons. And then I will talk about our balance sheet and cash flow before getting into our order patterns and outlook for the fourth quarter.

As Jim said, we reported another quarter of strong double-digit growth in revenue and earnings. The $901 million of revenue in the quarter was in line with the estimates we provided in September and represented the highest quarterly revenue we've reported in the last ten years. The $0.36 of adjusted earnings exceeded the top end of our guidance for the quarter and represented a 64% over the prior year.

Before I get into the detailed results, I want to share a few additional highlights, some of which Jim just referenced. First, we posted strong organic order growth again this quarter, driven by double-digit growth in the Americas, Asia Pacific, and DesignTex. And while EMEA and PolyVision orders declined moderately in the quarter, we saw improvement in their order patterns during November and into early December. I will share more details about our order patterns in a few moments, but I wanted to start with referencing this continued strength, as it helped drive the strong revenue growth in the quarter, as well as the relatively high levels of order backlog at the end of the quarter, which contributed to the strength of our outlook for the fourth quarter.

Second, the $0.36 of adjusted earnings included a $3.6 million favorable tax adjustment related to foreign tax credits, which had the effect of increasing earnings by approximately $0.02, after consideration of variable compensation effects. Even without the tax benefit, the growth of adjusted earnings was still very strong again this quarter, exceeding 50% compared to the prior year.

Third, the America's operating margin of 8.1% was reduced by 130 basis points due to the net impact of the pension charge which Jim just covered, plus another 20 basis points related to the variable compensation associated with the favorable tax adjustment. Adjusted for these items, the segment achieved a strong 9.7% operating margin, despite pricing benefits being largely offset by increased commodity, freight, and labor costs, which dampened the Americas operating margin by approximately 60 basis points. In the fourth quarter, we expect benefits from our April and June pricing actions to begin exceeding the significant inflation we have been experiencing since the start of our fiscal year.

Lastly, the $2.6 million improvement in EMEA operating results compared to the prior year included a $4.2 million improvement in our recurring operations and a $1.6 million operating loss associated with the acquisition of Orangebox, which was driven by the initial effects of purchase accounting related to acquired inventory and backlog. And the improvement in EMEA was achieved despite some unfavorable shifts in business mix and some operational challenges associated with the revenue growth, which I will cover in more detail in a moment.

As it relates to our third quarter results relative to our expectations, revenue in total was largely in line with our estimates, but has included some pluses and minuses worth mentioning. In the Americas, revenue benefited from stronger than expected order growth, plus some favorable adjustments to our incentive accruals, but these benefits were reduced by the impact of project delays. Our customers often request extended delivery dates and/or make adjustments to installation schedules as projects near completion, but the length of extensions and the amount of adjustments were more significant than a typical quarter in the Americas, and we experienced similar impacts in EMEA and the other category.

From an earnings perspective, the $0.36 of adjusted earnings were higher than our estimated range of $0.28 to $0.33 per share. Beyond the $0.02 from the tax adjustment I mentioned a moment ago, we experienced better than expected performance in the Americas, offset in part by shortfalls in EMEA and the other category, as well as higher corporate costs.

Within the Americas, the favorable adjustments to incentive accruals contributed $3.1 million and were driven by contractual changes with a few of our largest customers, plus our business mix between quote types and across our product offering was better than expected in the third quarter, albeit still unfavorable when compared the second quarter or the prior year.

Elsewhere, the project delays were the largest driver of the shortfalls, plus we experienced some unfavorable shifts in business mix and some operational inefficiencies in EMEA and at PolyVision. PolyVision also experienced softness in revenue from premium whiteboards in the European market, and corporates costs were higher than expected due to COLI losses driven by a decline in the equity markets, offset in part by reductions in deferred compensation costs linked to participant investment elections. Otherwise, spending across the corporate functions remains tightly controlled.

Switching to year-over-year comparisons, operating income increased by $8.9 million in the third quarter, or $16.4 million adjusted for the impact of the pension charge. The increase was driven by improvements in the Americas, EMEA, and the other category, offset in part by higher corporate costs which were driven by the same factors I just mentioned.

In the Americas, operating income increased by $15.1 million, excluding the pension impact, and was driven by organic revenue growth which totaled $68 million, or 12% in quarter. The strong operating leverage was achieved in the quarter even though revenue from our recent pricing actions was largely offset by higher commodity, labor, and freight costs, which approximated a $13 million increase compared to the prior year. There is still a relatively significant effect on our gross margin, but we feel good about our pricing actions and the pace at which our sales teams are driving customer agreements to more current list prices.

We also experienced some unfavorable shifts in business mix which negatively impacted our gross margin in the third quarter, but we held our operating expenses, excluding acquisitions and variable compensation, relatively flat at the same time. So, the contribution margin associated with the volume growth was still quite strong.

In EMEA, we reported an operating loss of $700,000, which included a $1.6 million loss at Orangebox driven by the initial effects of purchase accounting, and the $0.6 million reduction in variable compensation associated with the pension charge recorded in the Americas. Adjusted for these items, the slightly better than break-even results represented a $3.6 million improvement compared to the $3.3 million operating loss in the prior year. This improvement was driven by $19 million of organic revenue growth in the quarter while holding our operating expenses relatively flat.

In connection with the higher volume, we incurred increased outsourcing costs and higher overhead spending, plus we experienced higher logistics costs in France and unfavorable currency impacts associated with some of our cross-border sourcing. Some of our global operations leadership is in Europe this week and plan to return after the first of the year to help address some of these issues and strengthen our momentum around continuous cost reduction. We also experienced some unfavorable shifts in business mix across EMEA.

In the other category, the operating leverage associated with the organic revenue growth was impacted by a higher mix of large profits that were more heavily discounted and increased operating expenses to support our longer-term growth strategies in Asia Pacific.

Sequentially, the comparison of third quarter operating income to the second quarter was impacted by a number of factors, including the favorable nonrecurring items recorded in the second quarter, which included the property gain and lower warranty; product liability and workers' compensation costs; the pension charge, partially offset by the favorable adjustments to incentive accruals recorded in the third quarter; the seasonal strength of Smith System in the second quarter and other unfavorable shifts in business mix in the third quarter; and higher sequential operating expenses related to product development, the National Sales Conference in the Americas, and other initiatives.

Moving to the balance sheet and cash flow, we used $79 million of borrowings under our global credit facility to fund the acquisition of Orangebox in September, but we were able to pay down our borrowings to $27.5 million by the end of the quarter from the generation of strong cash flow in the quarter, which totaled $84 million. In addition, we received approximately $12 million of proceeds in connection with the sale a corporate aircraft.

Working capital growth in the quarter was driven by a $14 million increase in inventories, excluding acquisition impacts. The increase was linked to the project delays I mentioned previously, as well as the overall growth in our business.

Capital expenditures totaled $15 million in the third quarter, and we continue to expect fiscal 2019 to fall within a range of $80 million to $90 million, driven by our growth strategies and related investments to broaden our industrial capabilities, enhance our information technology systems, and strengthen our customer-facing facilities.

We returned approximately $16 million to shareholders in the third quarter through the payment of a cash dividend of $0.135 per share, and yesterday, the Board of Directors approved the same level of dividend to be paid in January. We did not repurchase any shares during the quarter, except for those used to settle income tax obligations related to the vesting of equity awards.

Turning to order patterns, I will start with the Americas segment, where our orders in the third quarter increased 14% compared to the prior year. Across the months, we posted double-digit order growth in September and October, followed by mid-single-digit growth in November. Customer order backlog at the end of the quarter was approximately 16% higher compared to the prior year, and through the first three weeks of the fourth quarter, order growth has been tracking at a strong double-digit percentage.

Orders from our largest customer showed improvement again in the quarter, growing by a strong double-digit percentage compared to the prior year. Across quote types, orders for project business grew at a double-digit percentage, and orders associated with continuing agreements and our marketing programs grew by a mid-single-digit percentage.

Turning to vertical markets, we saw order growth in five of the 10 vertical markets we track, including strength in the insurance services, energy, financial services, and healthcare sectors. In addition, the group of untracked vertical markets grew at a strong rate again this quarter. Areas of weakness included information technology, technical, professional, and manufacturing.

Overall, we feel very good about the third quarter order patterns in the Americas, as they outpaced our expectations from the beginning of the quarter and have remained strong through the first three weeks of the fourth quarter. In addition, based on the most recent information from BIFMA, our order growth over the trailing six months ended in October has outpaced the industry.

Looking forward, our win rates have remained strong, and continuing to see solid year-over-year growth in our pipeline of project opportunities projected to ship in the fourth quarter and fiscal 2020, which is consistent with the general level of optimism we are feeling from our dealers about their near and mid-term outlooks.

For EMEA, the 6% order decline in the quarter was driven by weakness in the UK and France, which may have been driven by some of the recent political and economic unrest in these countries. Elsewhere, Germany and Iberia posted order growth again this quarter, and the rest of EMEA as a group continued to post declines. Across the months, order declines in total moderated from a 9% decline in September to a 1% decline in November, and through the first three weeks of the fourth quarter, order patterns reflect double-digit growth across most markets, including the UK and France. Customer order backlog in EMEA ended the quarter up approximately 11% compared to the prior year.

For the other category, orders in total grew by 12%, driven by strength in Asia Pacific, which posted order growth of 16%. Orders at DesignTex also grew by a double-digit percentage, while PolyVision declined by a low single-digit percentage compared to a strong prior year.

Turning to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, we expect to report revenue in the range of $860 million to $885 million, which includes revenue from the acquisitions of AMQ, Smith System, and Orangebox; net of a few small divestitures; and approximately $14 million of estimated unfavorable currency translation effects. The projected revenue range translates to expected organic growth of 9% to 12% compared to the prior year.

Taking into consideration the projected revenue growth, we expect to report diluted earnings per share between $0.24 and $0.28 for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019. This estimate projects that yield from our recent pricing actions will begin to exceed commodity, labor, and freight costs, and unfavorable business mix will continue in the third quarter. In addition, the estimate includes a modest sequential decrease in operating expenses compared to the third quarter and a 27% effective tax rate.

As it relates to the acquisitions of Smith System and Orangebox, we anticipate modest earnings dilution in the fourth quarter, in part due to the seasonality of Smith System which generates approximately two-thirds of its revenue in the summer months of June, July, and August. In addition, the operating results from these acquisitions will include $3 million of ongoing amortization expense in the fourth quarter.

As it relates to our acquisition of AMQ, which we completed a year ago, we are very pleased with how this acquisition has been contributing to our organic revenue growth and earnings expansion, and we expect similar positive contributions from Smith System and Orangebox in fiscal 2020 as we more fully implement the related value creation plans.

Taking into consideration the outlook for the fourth quarter, our fiscal 2019 results are on track to represent one of our strongest years in more than a decade, and we are targeting to grow revenue and earnings again in fiscal 2020 consistent with the mid-term targets we shared at our Investor Day in October.

From there, we will turn it over for questions.

Questions and Answers:

Operator

Thank you. If you'd like to ask a question, please do so by pressing the * key, followed by 1 on your touchtone telephone. If you're using a speakerphone, please make sure your mute function is turned off to allow your signal to reach our equipment. We will request that you limit yourself to two questions so that we may answer as many questions as possible in time permitted. Please phrase your questions directly and as briefly as possible.

And our first question comes from Bobby Griffin of Raymond James. Your line is now open.

Bobby Griffin -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Good morning, everybody. First, congrats on the strong quarter and the good guidance, and thank you for taking my questions.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Bobby.

Bobby Griffin -- Raymond James -- Analyst

First question, I was hoping to get a little bit more color on the West Elm partnership, how that's progressing, and maybe when we can start to expect seeing some of those orders start to ship and flow into revenue?

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, this is Jim. I'll respond to that. So, over the last several weeks and months, we've been preparing for it by getting our operations ready. There's some work we're doing on some of the products. Of course, we want to make sure we've got all the distribution ready to go and so on, and that's all moving exactly as we would like. We're also readying our dealers and our customers to make sure that they know about the products as we begin building a pipeline as we begin to open up order entry.

So, order entry really just opened this week, and that is happening almost exactly as we expected and, in fact, just a little bit earlier than we expected. So, we're happy about that, as well. So, the orders should start flowing here over these next few weeks. Of course, with the holidays, we'll expect most of it to begin flowing next year -- in the next calendar year. And then the shipments will be a couple months after that.

So, everything's turned on and we're ready to go. And each month and quarter...So, when I say we've turned them on, I should also clarify that. It's for the products we've developed and activated so far, and we'll continue to add to that portfolio as time goes by. So, we'll have more order entry opening moments for other products as next year continues.

Bobby Griffin -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Jim, can you give any color on the level of sku count in the first kind of order entry opening period that you guys are going to have with them?

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

I don't have a sku count in the room here. I know it's significant enough that -- it is significant enough that we're excited about it, and our dealers and customers are excited about it. And we're getting a really good reaction from customers, from the design community, and others.

Bobby Griffin -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Okay. I appreciate the color. And then my second question is just kind of in the U.S. average project size, when you look at the project business today, anything different in the size of project versus this time last year or two years ago?

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

We'll look that up, Bob. Give me a second.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

He's going through his papers over here. Nothing that we're talking about internally, I'll start with that. We don't really look at it that way. We look at orders and sales in lots of different ways, but I'd say we have...I can think of examples of some very large opportunities that we're working on, and I can also assure you there's an ongoing stream of smaller projects. So, nothing that's notable to me. We'll see if Dave has any data.

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Just a little bit of bend toward the larger bucket of order size where most of growth is. I'd say the growth was driven by the greater than three million size this quarter. But if I look back over the last four quarters, Bobby, there isn't really an obvious trend. If anything, we've had more consistent strength in the lets say one to three million size bucket, but this particular quarter was a little stronger in the greater than three.

Bobby Griffin -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Okay. I appreciate that detail. And I guess lastly, just on the raw material front, are you starting to see any type of relief in steel or transportation or any of the other cost buckets? Or is it still kind of a steady grind higher?

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

If you double click and you go into individual commodities, you see some things that were spiking and peaking before, like steel, starting to show some signs coming off those peaks. On the other hand, we have other areas like transportation than are a steady grind upward. And typically when it's transportation, you think it's related to fuel, but here it's really related to shortages of drivers and trucks and just a lack of capacity in that segment of the economy that's causing, first of all, some risk of disruption to our outbound supply, although we've been able to manage that pretty well, but the costs are rising. So, there's one example. And also, we see a general upward pressure in labor costs. So, if we look across the factors of production, we see some things coming down and other things going up.

Bobby Griffin -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Okay. I appreciate all the detail. Congrats, again, on the quarter, and have a great holiday season for everybody and a good New Year.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from Matt McCall of Seaport Global Securities. Your line is now open.

Matt McCall -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst

Thanks. Good morning, everybody.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Good morning.

Matt McCall -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst

So, let's see. Maybe start with the price cost comments, Dave. Can you talk about the impact that you felt in Q3? Remind us of the impact kind of year-to-date and the fiscal year. It sounds like it's going to be positive. Did I hear that right? Are prices going to exceed costs, so there'll be a benefits, and that's assumed in your guidance?

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. So, I'll speak in terms of dollars first and then I'll go to gross margin percentage. But in dollars, as you know, through the first half of the year, year-over-year inflation was exceeding the benefits we were getting from the two pricing actions we took. This quarter in Q3, the pricing actions approximated the level of year-over-year inflation that we're seeing from our commodity, freight, and labor costs. And next quarter, we think that our pricing actions should begin to exceed the year-over-year inflation.

From a gross margin percentage perspective, we obviously have been feeling pressure on our gross margins because we're getting a lot of pricing revenue with no margin. So, this quarter is somewhere in the $12 to $13 million range of revenue and offset by $12 to $13 million of inflation. So, we get revenue with no gross margin dollars, which has, obviously, a negative effect on our gross margin percentage.

So, I think that pressure on the margin percentage will ease next quarter, as well as the dollars of pricing benefits should begin to offset the higher year-over-year inflation, assuming we don't see anything dramatically different in the commodity pricing.

Matt McCall -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst

So, Dave, the dollars there were helpful, 12 and 13, both revenue and inflation. What about the first half? What were those numbers in the first half?

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

I don't have them off the top of my head, Matt, but you could take --

Matt McCall -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst

That's OK.

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

So, they were significant. I think the inflation shot up quickly. So, maybe inflation in the first quarter was not quite $10 million, maybe in Q2 was a little more $10 million, and the pricing has built its way up to the $12 or $13 that I just referenced. But if those numbers are important, we could follow up with a call and try to go back to the transcripts.

Matt McCall -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst

Okay. I can do that. I just -- I was just trying to put it all in one place. So, I guess the same question around mix. We've talked about this for a while. I guess the first part of the question, Jim, have you seen a period like this? I've got some theories on what's driving it, but I'd love to hear what you think is driving this outperformance on the project side. And then, Dave, what has the impact been, same kind of question, of year-to-date in Q3 and what's the outlook look like?

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Well, on the project part, I think it goes back to what I talked about in the script, that we see more and more customers who are not simply coming to us because they want to expand or refresh the products they have, but they're doing more significant reinvestments in their work environments, and they're doing it because they want to attract a new kind of workforce, they want to retain the people they have, they're trying to drive productivity. So, we've seen the shift from a simple refresh to a more complete reinvestment. And we're seeing that here, but we're seeing it other places around the world, as well. I think this is one of these things that's universally true these days. So, I think that's part of it.

We also saw a lot of strong end-of-year business, and that can help us with certain product mix. So, I think those are the two things. One is just the continued gaining emphasis by our customers on reinvesting in the workplace, and secondly some really strong end-of-year business. But, those are the two favorable mix shifts we saw.

Matt McCall -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst

Okay. So, I guess -- well, I'm going to sneak in two shorter ones. The new products you talked about -- Series 1 I thought was an interesting story at the Analysts Day, just given the initial strength that you've seen there. Can you give an update on the volume activity from Series 1 and some of those lower priced products and the success you're having with maybe customers -- an update on the success you're having with customers that historically maybe weren't Steelcase customers?

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. So, I'd say first of all we have seen...Our intent with products like Series 1 was to be able to address a part of the market that we haven't been able to address before, and we believe we've been successful in doing that. So, a lot of that is qualitative. We can go customer by customer internally, and we can see evidence that they're shifting their buys from people that kind of majors in many cases toward Steelcase, and we're happy about that.

Our total sales of Series 1 are far in excess of our expectations. I was out on our lines last week where we build that product, and we we're continuing to expand our capacity and are at volume levels that we weren't expecting to see for quite some time. So, it's been very, very successful.

Now, when you launch products like that, you get some cannibalization, you do, and we expected to see some cannibalization, but overall we're happy with the results of that.

And I think Series 1 is also something that's responding to changes in the ways people work as we see more people working in more mobile ways with more unassigned desks as they move from space to space. The length of time they sit in any particular chair could follow. And that's some of what's driving customers adoption of that, is just a recognition that their people are working differently and they're shifting their dollars around their mix of things they buy for their facilities.

Did I answer your question?

Matt McCall -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst

It does. And I'm sorry, I'm going to sneak one more in. Some line item help, Dave. I know you gave some insight into SG&A, but you could tell where I was going with price cost in the mix. I'm trying to get an idea on what kind of the gross margin trajectory from here is as price cost gets better, as you anniversary some of these mix impacts. What's baked into the Q4 guidance, and how do we start to think about the gross margin trajectory next year?

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Well, I'll start with Q4 and remind you that we did give color on what we expect operating expenses to do sequentially in the fourth quarter, and we gave revenue guidance. So, that ought to be able to allow you to back into a range of what we're expecting for gross margins. And certainly implied next year in our target -- our mid-term target to grow earnings at twice the rate of organic revenue growth would be implied in that would be improvement in our gross margins, which would come from volume benefits; our continued focus on cost reduction to help offset, if not more than offset, some of the necessary investments in our manufacturing; as well as the gross margin improvement initiatives in EMEA all contributing to implied improvement in gross margins for next year.

Matt McCall -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from Kathryn Thompson of Thompson Research Group. Your line is now open.

Kathryn Thompson -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst

Hi. Thank you for taking my questions today. I really appreciated the color you had on month to month in terms of orders and the magnitude of order growth. I wanted to pull the string a little bit more on the America's business in terms of thinking about of that large versus small customers or smaller orders and where you -- are you seeing any change or deviance or certain patterning in terms of the mix of large versus small orders? And when you look at prior, there's lots of questions about if there's going to be a recession, but it would be helpful if you could also put in perspective the mix of large and small orders in past downturns maybe to help us understand where we are. Because we tend to think that we may be more at a pause versus an outright recession, but wanted to really gather from your experience and understanding how orders can be reflective of thinking about the broad cycle. Thank you.

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Okay. So, Kathryn, I'm looking in front of me at the last five quarters' worth of order growth rates or decline across how we bucket our order size, which I'll call them very small, small, medium, and large. I talked about the large being greater than three million and the medium being kind of one to three million in size. Really, as I look across the trailing five quarters and look at the ups and downs of those buckets, there really is not an obvious pattern, except for across the $1 to $3 million bucket. We've had more consistent growth in that group of orders -- in that grouping or bucket of orders than we have in the other areas.

More recently, in the small and very small buckets, we've actually seen growth in three of the last four quarters, and even recently in the current quarter, in total those buckets grew. One was up; one was down. But I don't think we're seeing anything in the Americas -- and all this is relative to the Americas, but I don't think we're seeing anything yet that might be concerning to your question around are the dark clouds on the horizon starting to show up at all in our order patterns, either across our small customers or our larger customers.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

I was going to continue with your question about what have we seen in other recessions and what are some...I think what you're saying is what are some of the things we'd want to be watching for to see early signs. So, if you go...And I'll try to stop short of a history lesson, but I'll do a little bit just to provide context.

So, the two recessions that most of remember are 2001 and then again in 2008. 2001 affected us in a dramatic way, and that was really recession triggered by the drop in the NASDAQ and at the same time a number of financial scandals, Enron and things like that, that caused kind of a sandwiching of big customers who were now concerned about what does that mean for valuations, what does it mean for the ways of thinking about long-term investments? What does it mean for attracting a new kind of workforce? Remember, the NASDAQ was really the dot-com crash, and the scandals caused business confidence to just kind of plummet. So, that was a business-first kind of recession. And I'd say in that one what we felt was big customers dropping their orders very quickly. I remember us dropping significantly 40% or something from peak quarter to trough quarterback in that period, but it was a large company cutback that was unmistakable.

In the second recession, the financial crisis, of course that was driven more by the financial sector. You might remember people talking about how it really felt at first as if it was a Wall Street versus Main Street kind of recession. Like, will it ever hit Main Street? Is this something that's only going to affect the financial sector? Well, we know how that story ended. But as a result, it was the financial sector where we saw the softness initially.

So, both recessions, you could say there's similarities in those large companies, but there were differences because of the nature of it. If we have another recession, it kind of depends on the nature of that recession is. If it's consumer driven, it may affect us differently. If it's a credit crunch affecting small companies, it could affect us differently. If it's big companies, we know what that looks like. But as Dave said, at this point, we're not really seeing any signs of that. If anything, the fact that we've got really strong orders here in Q4, a time when we're normally seeing more of a seasonal lull, is really encouraging.

Even though we have all these things we're watching, like I mentioned Brexit and disruptions in Paris and U.S.-China trade, all those things are disrupters, but it feels like underlying demand is remaining pretty strong right now.

Kathryn Thompson -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst

That's very helpful, and I appreciate you taking the time to flesh that out fully. My followup question really has to do with how you think about, speaking of Paris and inflation, 2018 from a broad construction standpoint has definitely been the year of inflation with a wide variety of costs going up. But one of the things that we're seeing as we look at, in our world, the construction value chain, yes there are price increases into 2019, but maybe not as many and maybe at the magnitude of the size because companies have been able to catch up with that price cost. And also you have seen, as you noted in your prepared commentary, some abatement of certain costs. Do you share a similar view, and maybe could you broadly think about that price cost and internal pricing strategy as you go into calendar 2019? Thank you.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

So, we've been lucky not to have to deal with much inflation for the last several years, but we all remember dealing with this before. And this is one of the benefits of having an experienced management team. We've been at this for a while. We've learned the lesson that if you don't respond quickly when you see inflation begin to spike, that you never are able to make up those gaps in the long run. So, we try to be very aware of what's happening. We have regular meetings, whether there's inflation or not, where we're just constantly looking at that and asking ourselves if we're doing the right things.

We have, these days, pretty sophisticated models we use all over the world to look at the rises and falls of commodity prices and what that might mean for price increases. We've also been able to reduce the time it takes us to go from the decision point to actually implementing it. So, we've done a lot of things to become as good at this as I think we can be.

And normally, if you do all that and look at forecasts, you don't get too surprised, but the impact of tariffs has been the big difference this last year. So, even though we don't pay very much in tariffs, when a tariff goes into place or it goes away, it can create a sudden shock to the commodity prices you pay, even if you're not paying the tariff. It affects the prices anyway. And so, that's been the big difference this year, but I'm pleased with our team's ability to respond to it.

We are switched on. We were just in a meeting a week ago looking at this again, and we will continue to monitor it as we go forward. So, I think we will be able to continue to make those decisions. We've been successful so far in showing our customers that these price increases are fair and warranted, and we expect to be able to continue to do that. Dave, do you want to add anything to that?

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

No.

Kathryn Thompson -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you so much and best of luck and happy holidays.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Greg Burns of Sidoti. Your line is now open.

Greg Burns -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst

Good morning. So, just looking at EMEA, volumes were certainly up, but it didn't look like they were that far out of line with what was implied in guidance. So, I was just wondering if you could use a little bit more color on what surprised you there, where the shortfalls came from an operational perspective, what kind of investments or other actions you need to take to rectify that situation, and what that means for margins in that segment going forward? Thank you.

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, this is Dave. I'll start and then Jim can add some comments. I would say, first, we're definitely pleased with the year-over-year improvement. You have to adjust for Orangebox and the variable compensation effects of the tax item, et cetera. But when you do that, almost a $4 million year-over-year improvement, so we feel very good about that. It was lower than we were expecting, and it was in part lower because of revenue, which you could say was influenced by the order patterns being soft early in the quarter and/or influenced by the fact that we had more project delays toward the end of the quarter than we expected. So, that was certainly a contributor.

And the other contributor was the operational inefficiencies that I gave reference to, and you can tell we're on it immediately with some of our operations' leaders in Europe here the week before the holidays and plans to get back in January and into February. It's not because so much that we have a bunch of problems; it's just that we're with the increased volume that were the factors we're dealing with, we've had some inefficiencies that we want to get rectified, which allows us to keep more energy focused on our continuous cost-reduction efforts and our other gross margin improvement initiatives.

So, a good quarter. It was not exactly what we expected, but we're pleased with being profitable, if you set aside Orangebox, and showing another significant year-over-year improvement in our results.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

And I don't have much to add, other than to point out the 12% organic revenue growth in EMEA is in the face of a bunch of headwinds. You think about EMEA includes the Middle East, and the Middle East is always going to be affected by oil prices, which are down right now. So, it's 12% revenue growth despite that. It's despite the disruption we've been seeing in the UK and in spite of several other things.

So, focus on revenue growth, net of all of those headwinds, we're really pleased with performance. And when we dig into that, we're seeing examples of customers we've served for a long time increasing their purchases, but also lots of examples of customers where we had small share of wallet and we're growing into a larger share of wallet, customers whose business we've lost in the past that we won back, customers we've never served before that we're serving for the first time. So, the underlying performance of EMEA from a win rate perspective is really encouraging.

Greg Burns -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst

Okay. And turning to Asia Pacific, you mentioned some larger deals. Are those from international companies operating in China or those from domestic Chinese companies? What's the complexion of the growth in that market? And I don't know if you mentioned what the exact growth rate was, but if you could give that to us also, that would be helpful. Thanks.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

So, to characterize our business in Asia overall is that historically -- by that, I mean if you go back five or 10 years, our business would have been primarily serving multinationals with operations in Asia. What's really changed over the last several years is that, although we continue to serve those customers, we are building relationships and successfully serving locally headquartered companies. These are Asian headquartered companies in China and India and other places in the region, and that's really a big part of what's been fueling our growth.

But today, it's a mix. We continue, of course, to serve multinationals. We also serve these locally headquartered companies. And as they've grown, they've expanded their operations outside of Asia. So, our relationships that we established with them in Asia has helped us grow our business with them in other parts of the world. And that shows up in the Americas and EMEA numbers, but just gives you a sense of where we are. So, it's a much different business mix today than it would have been even five years ago.

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

And their revenue growth in the quarter was stronger than the 16% order growth that I referenced in my comments.

Greg Burns -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst

Okay, great. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. And as a reminder, ladies and gentlemen, if you'd like to ask a question at this time, you may press *1. And our next question comes from Bill Dezellem of Payton Capital Management. Your line is now open.

Bill Dezellem -- Payton Capital Management -- Analyst

Thank you. A couple of questions. First of all, the EMEA operational efficiencies, is it fair to say that those are largely a function of business being stronger than you had anticipated there and overwhelming the plants of it? Is that the long and short of it?

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

I think that's a key driver. So, yeah, the business is stronger than we anticipated. I wouldn't say we overwhelmed the plants, but we are seeing higher levels of overtime, higher spending on overhead to support that surge in volume, and also seeing some inefficiencies. So, it isn't, though...I don't want you to leave me with the idea that whenever we see volume like this we're going to face these sorts of challenges, because that's what the team is working on right now to make sure that we're scaling up and we're able to support the volume as we continue to grow.

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

We also felt unfavorable currency impacts from our cross-border sourcing and also add unfavorable logistics costs in France, in part linked to some of the unrest in and around Paris.

Bill Dezellem -- Payton Capital Management -- Analyst

That's helpful. And then, you had referenced that Smith Systems in particularly is their seasonally slow time of the year. Would it be a fair guess that they lose money this time of year, but conversely as they enter their seasonally stronger period next year, that will lead to an additional push up in earnings, and so we're seeing a little bit more volatility in your earnings than we historically would have, which would imply that you're results are just that much better here in this seasonally slower period for them than maybe the overall numbers would indicate?

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

I wouldn't say that they'll lose money. They won't make as much money as they used to as a stand-alone company because of the purchase accounting adjustments, all the amortization of intangible assets that we've had to put in place. But with two-thirds of their revenue coming in three months in the summer, you can imagine that's where they make the bulk of their profitability. And then what they have historically targeted, and what we continue to target is to not lose money in the off season, but certainly not generate a lot of -- or as much income as we do in the summer.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Your second part is right. We have mild seasonality in that our summer months are stronger and more profitable for Steelcase overall, and they are like that to a greater degree. So, as we add their business to our business, we see a little bit more of that seasonality.

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

But it's a fair point, Bill, to say, "Hey, if you didn't have the acquisitions in the fourth quarter, it sounds like your earnings would be a tad higher." And that's accurate.

Bill Dezellem -- Payton Capital Management -- Analyst

That's really helpful. And let's just continue on with Smith if we could, and I suspect it's a little early for this question, but to what degree have you had success taking Smith and pushing their products into dealers that you never really had a good educational offering for and/or taking products of Steelcase and put them into what had historically been the Smith sales channel? Where are you at with that process?

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

So, we're right in the middle of that, and it's going well. So, we've had good reactions from our dealers. We have a number of dealers who have been introduced to Smith. And this is where the seasonality does help you a bit, because in a sense this is the time of year to do those kinds of introductions because the buying season starts in late winter/early spring for our shipments that are done in the summer. So, the key here is for us to get all that activated right now so that we're ready for this next season when it comes.

I'd also say one other audience that we're addressing is the AD community, some of whom are quite familiar with Smith, but a lot of them aren't. And we've been able to introduce some of the large players in this world of education to the Smith System portfolio, and we hope to see good things come from that, as well.

Bill Dezellem -- Payton Capital Management -- Analyst

Great. Thank you both.

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, Bill.

Operator

Thank you. And that concludes our question and answer session for today. I'd like to turn the conference back over to Jim Keane for any closing remarks.

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, and I want to thank all of you for joining our call today. I know it's a busy time of the year, and we really do appreciate your interest in our company and the good questions you ask. And from all of us here at Steelcase, I want to extend our best wishes to you for a wonderful holiday and a great start to the New Year. Thank you.

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for participating in today's conference. This does conclude the program, and you all may disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.

Duration: 56 minutes

Call participants:

Mike O'Meara -- Director of Investor Relations, Financial Planning, and Analysis

James Keane -- President and Chief Executive Officer

David Sylvester -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Bobby Griffin -- Raymond James -- Analyst

Matt McCall -- Seaport Global Securities -- Analyst

Kathryn Thompson -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst

Greg Burns -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst

Bill Dezellem -- Payton Capital Management -- Analyst

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