Personal loan vs. personal line of credit

A personal loan and a personal line of credit are two different ways to borrow money — your needs, finances, and personal preference will determine which is best.

Author
By Lindsay Frankel
Lindsay Frankel

Written by

Lindsay Frankel

Writer

Lindsay Frankel has been covering personal finance for six years, with particular expertise in loans, insurance, and real estate. She’s written hundreds of articles across a range of well-known outlets, including LendingTree, Investopedia, SFGate, and more. Outside of writing, she enjoys playing music and exploring nature with her rescue dog, Lucy.

Edited by Meredith Mangan

Written by

Meredith Mangan

Senior Editor

Meredith Mangan is a Senior Editor for Personal Finance, specializing in personal loans. Since 2011, she’s helped steer content creation in the areas of mortgages and loans, insurance, credit cards, and investing for major finance verticals, including Investopedia, Money Crashers, Credible, and The Balance Money.

Updated April 18, 2024, 6:24 PM EDT

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A personal loan provides a sum of money up front, while a personal line of credit lets you borrow what you need on an ongoing basis, much like a credit card. Personal loans are typically better for substantial one-time expenses, like consolidating high-interest debt. A personal line of credit could be a better option for ongoing needs, such as a home renovation project or out-of-pocket medical expenses.

Here’s a closer look at personal loans and personal lines of credit so you can make an informed decision about the best type of financing for your needs.

What is a personal line of credit?

Best for: A revolving line of credit, lower interest rates than credit cards, those with good-to-excellent credit

A personal line of credit is a set amount that you can borrow from whenever you need, as long as you don’t exceed the limit. Rates for personal lines of credit may be lower than credit card interest rates, but there’s no grace period — instead, interest begins accruing immediately.

Like credit cards, a personal line of credit typically has a variable interest rate that can fluctuate according to a benchmark index, such as the prime rate. And you’ll need to have excellent credit to qualify for the best rates. For example, Bank of America offers personal lines of credit to existing customers with variable rates as low as 12.5% APR, but you’ll need to have a FICO score of at least 800 to qualify for that rate.

How it works

After drawing from a line of credit, you make monthly payments with interest until you’ve repaid the balance. As you make payments, your credit line replenishes, and you can borrow from it again.

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Note

A personal line of credit is generally a variable-rate loan, meaning interest rates may fluctuate over time, which can affect your monthly payments.

Some personal lines of credit come with a limited draw period during which you can withdraw funds, followed by a repayment period. For example, Fifth Third Bank offers an unsecured line of credit with a five-year draw period, followed by a 10-year repayment period. Others offer a continuous draw period. You may pay an annual fee to keep the line of credit open, and some lenders charge a transaction fee every time you withdraw funds.

Pros and cons of personal lines of credit

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Pros

  • Borrow repeatedly over several years without reapplying
  • Replenish your limit with repayment
  • May have lower interest rates and higher borrowing limits than credit cards
  • Convenient access to funds through writing checks or using a linked payment card
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Cons

  • Possible maintenance and transaction fees
  • May have variable interest rates and unpredictable monthly payments
  • May be difficult to qualify for without good credit

What is a personal loan?

Best for: Funding large purchases, one-time expenses, fixed monthly payments, most credit types

A personal loan is a type of installment loan. Instead of borrowing as needed from a credit line, you receive a lump sum of cash up front from a bank, credit union, or online lender. Personal loans also tend to have fixed interest rates. This means that payments are fixed as well, and won’t change according to a benchmark index. Personal loans may also charge fees, such as an origination fee, which the lender deducts from the loan proceeds.

How it works

Personal loans come with a choice of repayment terms — up to seven years is common. If you’re looking to finance home improvements, or other large purchases like a boat or RV, you may be able to repay the loan over 10 years or longer with lenders like BHG, LightStream, and Navy Federal. Depending on your credit and income, it may be possible to borrow up to $100,000 or more. Smaller amounts and shorter terms are also available.

You’ll qualify for the lowest rates if you have excellent credit, a low debt-to-income ratio, and a reliable source of income. But some lenders specialize in personal loans for fair credit and personal loans for bad credit, as well.

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Tip

Compare annual percentage rates (APRs) between personal loan lenders to ensure the best cost for your budget. It is better practice to have an affordable monthly payment than a lower APR.

Pros and cons of personal loans

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Pros

  • Predictable, fixed monthly payment schedule
  • May be available to borrowers with fair credit
  • Maintenance and transaction fees are uncommon
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Cons

  • Must reapply for new credit if you need more money
  • May have shorter repayment terms and higher monthly payments
  • May require an origination fee, which is deducted from the funds you receive

How lines of credit and personal loans differ

Lines of credit allow you to borrow only what you need and to continue borrowing without reapplying, but be prepared for variable monthly payments. Personal loans, on the other hand, provide a large sum of money all at once, and typically require you to repay the loan in equal monthly payments over time.

Here are common differences between personal loans and personal lines of credit:

Personal line of credit
Personal loan
Type of loan
Revolving
Lump sum
Interest rates
Variable
Fixed
Repayment terms
Draw period that may be continuous, with monthly minimums based on the amount borrowed; or a repayment period that follows a draw period
1 to 7 years
Access to funds
Checks, payment cards, or bank transfer
One-time bank transfer
Best for
Ongoing spending needs, especially if you’re uncertain how much you’ll need in total
Emergency expenses, debt consolidation, one-time purchase, and people who like predictable monthly payments

When to choose a personal loan

  • You need to consolidate debt: If you pay off your credit card with a personal loan, you’ll be left with one monthly payment and, ideally, a lower interest rate. You’ll maximize your savings by using a lump sum to pay off the full balance.
  • You’re making a large purchase: If you’re faced with a one-time expense, like replacing an appliance or paying for an auto repair, you can borrow the exact amount you need with a personal loan.
  • You prefer predictable payments: Personal loans are typically repaid in fixed monthly installments, helping you budget and avoid missed payments.

When to choose a personal line of credit

  • You’re working on a home improvement or renovation project: If you’re making significant updates to your home, such as adding a mother-in-law suite or making aging-in-place upgrades, a personal line of credit can help you pay as you go.
  • You have ongoing medical bills: If you’re managing a health condition, you might be unsure of the total cost. A personal line of credit can help you pay the bills as they come.
  • Your paydays don’t line up with your due dates: If you make inconsistent or seasonal income, a personal line of credit can help you pay your bills in the off-season at lower rates than a credit card. Ultimately, your goal should be to save for dips in income in advance, but a line of credit might help in the meantime.
  • Your expenses will increase temporarily: If you’re moving and getting established, helping a relative, or taking a class, a personal line of credit might help you pay for your expenses until you can make room in your budget or get a new source of income.

FAQ

What is a personal line of credit loan?

A personal line of credit loan is the same as a personal line of credit. It’s an amount of money that you can borrow from repeatedly, up to your credit limit. As you make minimum monthly payments with interest on the amount you borrowed, your credit line will replenish. Personal lines of credit may come with lower interest rates than credit cards, but rates are variable and there may be other fees.

Is a line of credit better than a personal loan?

A personal loan is typically preferable for a one-time expense, while a line of credit may be advantageous if you’re not sure how much money you’ll need to borrow or if you’ll need to borrow repeatedly over time.

What's the difference between a line of credit and personal loan?

A line of credit allows you to access an amount of your choice up to your credit limit, and you only pay variable interest on the funds you use. Repayment replenishes your credit limit, and you can borrow again as needed. A personal loan, on the other hand, provides a lump sum of cash that you repay in fixed monthly installments.

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Meet the contributor:
Lindsay Frankel
Lindsay Frankel

Lindsay Frankel has been covering personal finance for six years, with particular expertise in loans, insurance, and real estate. She’s written hundreds of articles across a range of well-known outlets, including LendingTree, Investopedia, SFGate, and more. Outside of writing, she enjoys playing music and exploring nature with her rescue dog, Lucy.

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