Do personal loans affect your credit?

Personal loans have the potential to improve your credit score, but may cause an initial dip.

Author
By Jessica Walrack

Written by

Jessica Walrack

Writer

Jessica Walrack is a freelance finance writer and journalist with over a decade of experience. During that time, she’s written hundreds of articles about loans, insurance, banking, mortgages, credit cards, budgeting, and taxes for well-known publications including CBS News MoneyWatch, USA Today, US News and World, Investopedia, and The Balance Money.

Edited by Jared Hughes

Written by

Jared Hughes

Editor

Jared Hughes is a personal loan editor for Credible and Fox Money, and has been producing digital content for more than six years.

Updated April 23, 2024, 4:35 PM EDT

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Personal loans have the potential to both help and hurt your credit score. In many cases, your score will drop by a few points when you take out an installment loan. The application process can cause a decrease, as can a new loan with a large outstanding balance. However, as you make consistent on-time payments and prove you can manage the debt responsibly, the loan can increasingly help to improve your score.

Factors that may hurt your credit score

How can a new personal loan hurt your credit? Here are the main reasons:

A large new outstanding amount

While a new personal loan won’t count against your credit utilization ratio, the outstanding balance will impact up to 30% of your FICO credit score. The total amount of debt you owe on all of your accounts, including installment loans, is also considered, according to FICO.

A new loan with a balance that is 100% outstanding makes you a higher-risk borrower. You haven’t yet proven you can afford the new payment. However, as you pay down the balance, the risk lenders think you present will decrease, and your credit score will reflect that.

Hard credit inquiries

When you formally apply for new credit, the lender will typically perform a hard credit inquiry, which causes your credit score to drop by a few points. New credit inquiries on your account make up 10% of your FICO score. While hard inquiries stay on your credit report for two years, FICO only considers them for one.

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Good to know

When you prequalify for a personal loan, lenders only perform a soft credit check, which doesn’t hurt your credit score. Keep in mind, though, that prequalification is not an offer of credit, and your final rate may differ.

A lower average account age

The age of your credit accounts determines 15% of your FICO score. More specifically, FICO considers the average age of all of your accounts, as well as the age of your oldest and newest accounts. Time is your friend when it comes to this category, so brand new loans can cause a temporary score dip.

How personal loans can improve your credit score

Now that you know the factors that cause your credit score to drop, here’s a few that can help improve it.

On-time loan payments

Your payment history determines the largest part of your FICO score (35%), so making on-time loan payments will help to maintain and boost your score. Alternatively, if you make late payments, your score will drop.

However, it’s still possible to improve your credit history by catching up on late or missed payments. Additionally, if you’re having a problem consistently making payments on time, consider contacting your lender to see if they can help, or you can meet with a credit counselor who can assist with budgeting.

Credit utilization decreases

Credit utilization is part of the second-most important category in the FICO credit scoring model: amounts owed. This makes up 30% of your FICO score. It measures the amount of credit you’ve used on revolving accounts like credit cards and lines of credit. If you use a personal loan to pay down a revolving credit line, it can give your score a boost.

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Note

Personal loans won’t cause your credit utilization to increase because they’re categorized as installment loans rather than revolving credit lines.

A versatile credit mix

Your credit mix determines 10% of your FICO score and helps lenders gauge if you can successfully manage both revolving and installment credit accounts. If you don’t have any installment accounts yet, a personal loan may help diversify your credit mix and improve your score.

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Tips for managing a personal loan responsibly

Responsible management of a personal loan starts before you even apply. Here’s some tips for managing a personal loan:

  • Consider your loan amount: Review your income and expenses to identify the maximum loan amount that will comfortably fit into your budget. You don’t want to overextend yourself. Once you have the maximum limit in mind, don’t agree to a loan unless the monthly payment amount aligns.
  • Make payments consistently: From there, plan ahead to ensure you’ll make each payment on time or early. It can help to set up automatic payments from your bank account or credit card so you don’t have to manually make the payments, but be sure to pay attention to your accounts and make sure the payments go through.
  • Contact your lender: If you end up unable to make a payment, contact the lender as soon as possible to discuss your options. They may allow you to defer a payment to the end of the term, for example, which can help you avoid a default and credit score damage.
  • Check your credit report: Check your credit report periodically to ensure everything is up to date and accurate. You can visit AnnualCreditReport.com for a free credit report.

Personal loan FAQ

How can a personal loan help my credit?

If you take out a personal loan and pay it off as agreed, your payment history will demonstrate that you can manage an installment loan responsibly, which helps your credit score. FICO scores also reward borrowers who have a mix of revolving and installment credit accounts. If you don’t have an existing installment loan, a personal loan can help to diversify your credit mix.

How does a personal loan affect my credit score?

The FICO credit scoring model considers your payment history, amounts owed, credit mix, credit history length, and how frequently you request new credit — all of which are impacted by a new personal loan. You may see an initial credit score dip after taking out a personal loan, but your score and overall credit profile can improve over time if you make your payments consistently.

What are no-credit-check personal loans?

No-credit-check personal loans often refer to small, short-term loans like payday loans that don’t require a hard credit inquiry. Payday lenders may approve borrowers after processing only a soft credit check or verifying an income source, but often charge higher annual percentage rates (APRs) than regular personal loan lenders, up to 400% or more, in some cases. For context, personal loan APRs from reputable lendersusually top out at 36%. Payday loans can also renew or roll over for a fee, which can trap you in a cycle of debt, which can eventually impact your credit score in negative ways if you default and your account is sent to collections.

Meet the contributor:
Jessica Walrack
Jessica Walrack

Jessica Walrack is a freelance finance writer and journalist with over a decade of experience. During that time, she’s written hundreds of articles about loans, insurance, banking, mortgages, credit cards, budgeting, and taxes for well-known publications including CBS News MoneyWatch, USA Today, US News and World, Investopedia, and The Balance Money.

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