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Free Cash Flow

Just as your pulse is checked during a routine physical, free cash flow is used as an indicator of a company's health. It equals the cash brought in from operations minus the money needed to pay the bills. Think about leftover money in your checking account after you pay this month's bills.

Investors and analysts see this leftover money as a gauge of a company's ability to perform. It is available for transactions such as handing out dividends and working on new products.

Some argue free cash flow is wrongly overshadowed by the emphasis often placed on earnings. Earnings numbers can be manipulated and don't always tell the whole story -- and earnings don't mean much if there's nothing left over after a company pays its expenses. Even if you bring in a six-figure salary, but no money left after paying the bills, are you in great financial shape?

You don't have to be Einstein to figure out free cash flow. To calculate the number, subtract the company's expenditures and dividends from its operating cash flow.

If the free cash flow is written in red ink, it doesn't necessarily signal curtains. This is common for young companies looking to grow. It also could be a result of heavy investments, which in the long run could be worth a standing ovation.

Home / Personal Finance / Women in Business

Luscious Lingerie

 
 

Luscious Lingerie

Carole Hochman, president of one of New York's largest women-owned companies--Carole Hochman Design Group Inc.--began her career almost by accident.

"I wasn't at all sure what I wanted to do when I started out," Hochman recalls. "I was good at math and sciences, and I had read an article about careers in the fashion business in Glamour magazine, where the author mentioned Drexel University in Pennsylvania as a good trade school for studying fashion and science." Hochman enrolled in what was then called the Home Economics College and discovered that she had a talent for design.

While a sophomore at Drexel, she took a job in the lingerie department at Bergdorf Goodman. At the time, she knew nothing about lingerie. But that job was the beginning of what would become a multimillion-dollar career as a designer with licensees including Ralph Lauren, Lilly Pulitzer, Oscar de la Renta, Jockey and Betsy Johnson. Now, almost 40 years later, Crain's New York Business recognizes Carole Hochman Design Group as New York's seventh largest woman-owned company, based on $160 million in revenue. That places Hochman between Eileen Fisher Inc. and Daffy's on the list.

While at Bergdorf, Hochman met Betty Hughes, a buyer with Bonwit Teller. Hughes became a lifetime mentor and encouraged Hochman to become a designer. The hard-working Hochman soon earned the opportunity to design sleepwear for Bonwit Teller. She knew little about garment construction or the fabrics used to produce them. Nevertheless, Hochman scored on her first try, launching her career in the world of intimate apparel. The following year, 1968, she went to work as lead designer for the Christian Dior intimates license, then owned by parent company Chevette.

A Force in the Industry
Neal Hochman's father, Sol, started Chevette in the 1930s, and Neal joined the company in 1955 after graduating from the Wharton School of business. He proved to be a tenacious businessman and, as a married couple, the Hochmans became a force in the lingerie design business. In 1985, in a testament to Hochman's vision and talent, Chevette was renamed Carole Hochman Designs.

Although Neal and Carole are divorced, he remains CEO of CHD Inc., one of the few privately owned companies in the business, and he has guided CHD through fashion and economic upturns and downturns. Today, CHD produces several lines of intimate apparel under four labels: Christian Dior, Carole Hochman, Sara Beth and Bordeaux.

Hochman has always had an innate ability to identify opportunities and trends, and to translate her vision into intimate collections. "I often compare this business to a tennis match," Hochman says. "It's been reinvented a thousand times. You always have to keep your eye on the ball and be prepared for the ball to come back. "

When competition from off-shore manufacturing threatened their made-in-the-USA business, for example, the Hochmans acted quickly. They closed their factory in Puerto Rico and opted to go offshore instead. "It was a challenge: identifying suitable manufacturers, developing new relationships, establishing quality standards and more," Hochman recalls. She says the hardest part was giving up some of her control.

"We had to send designs overseas and wait to see what came back. Sometimes the product was great, sometimes not." It was a challenge to maintain quality and deliver what customers expected, she says.

Seizing an Opportunity
Hochman saw another opportunity when QVC came to TV. She was one of the first designers to take advantage of the home-shopping channel. Today, CHD makes its lingerie and sleepwear available through home-shopping services and the company website, as well as the Carole Hochman Design Showroom on New York's Madison Avenue. Primary design and sales are done at the Madison Avenue office, housing 180 designers and sales personnel. All back-office financials and distribution are managed from a location in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. CHD lingerie and sleepwear are manufactured all over the world, including China, Oman, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and India.

What Hochman loves about the business is the people. "From a young age, I've been exposed to a luxury world of great people and quality brands. People such as Oscar de la Renta have trusted us with their names, and every day I get to teach other people what I know." With her mission of "Live Well, Sleep Well," she has begun to design comfort sleepwear in organic cottons to support a cleaner and healthier environment.

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