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Even if you don't think you do, you already know plenty about commodities. Want us to prove it? No problem.
What makes oil produced in Saudi Arabia different from oil exported from Nigeria? It's the same thing that makes the corn you ate at last summer¿s barbecue different from the corn used to produce ethanol. Stumped? Well, don't feel bad, it's a trick question. The answer? Absolutely nothing. Corn is corn no matter where it comes from -- just as wheat is wheat and natural gas is -- right! -- natural gas. (Though the quality may differ, the make-up is uniform.)
So, in less elaborate terms, corn and oil (and all other commodities) are homogenous goods that can be processed, resold and more often than not, used as an input to the production of other goods or services. These goods are traded on a commodity exchange, thus setting the price-per-barrel (or other metric unit) used to value them.
Now pay attention, here's a question that indeed does have an answer: What is the difference between a commodity and a stock? While a stock can tank and become worthless, a commodity cannot have its value be wiped to zero. One other difference: Most commodities are traded in futures, meaning traders buy and sell where they think the price of a product will be at a certain point in the future. Stocks trade based on the value of the underlying company at that point in time.
Home / Personal Finance / On Topic
Tuesday, April 22, 2008
Flexible Vacation Policies: What's the Catch?
Lauren Covello
FOXBusiness
Imagine booking your dream vacation without having to worry about using too many vacation days.
No doubt this is
wishful thinking for most Americans. But some big-name companies are beginning to offer flexible
vacation packages and work-life programs designed to give their employees exactly that sort of freedom. And the payback for
employers is no illusion.
While it can be argued that wireless devices like BlackBerrys and laptops have created
a society of workaholics, these devices have also produced a more mobile culture -- one that thrives on flexibility. This
shift in demand is the driving factor in the adoption of more progressive vacation policies, said Joe Robinson, a work-life
balance coach and author of Work to Live: The Guide to Getting a Life.
“The
work-til-you-drop brigade is retiring,” he said. “Generation Y workers don’t buy that ethic of all work, no life.”
Johnson & Johnson (JNJ), Best Buy (BBY) and
Genentech (DNA) have introduced innovative work-life plans that have received lots
of attention. (Genentech, for instance, offers six-week paid sabbaticals to every employee with six years of service.) J. Crew (JCG), while less public about the details of its policies, offers a benefits program
that gives employees more paid time off than most -- especially in the retail industry.
Yet, despite increasing demand
for flexibility, many employers are reluctant to break old habits. Why? According to Robinson, many still falsely believe
productivity can be gauged by quantity (or hours worked) rather than the quality of those hours. Studies have shown the opposite
is true: Taking time off is crucial to maintaining a healthy and productive workplace.
Still, in an uncertain economic
climate where every dollar counts, Robinson warns a number of companies are beginning to treat vacation plans like pension
plans -- and eliminating them altogether.
But that’s not necessarily a bad thing if you ask Netflix (NFLX) employees. The online movie retailer has no formal vacation plan in place: its more than 400
salaried employees are allowed to take off as much as they want, so long as the quality of their work isn’t compromised. The
company doesn’t track vacation and therefore doesn’t compensate for days taken or not taken.
Sound crazy? It appears
to be working.
“So far, it’s been nothing but terrific,” said Steve Swasey, the company’s vice president of corporate
communications. Swasey attributes the success of the informal vacation policy to the integrity of the company’s employees,
and believes allowing them to take time off at their choosing and even work from home has helped the company’s profitability.
“Whose
best work is done under the pressure of the clock? Your best work is done when your mind is at peace and relaxed,” he said.
While
there are no set rules about giving notice for an absence, employees usually discuss their schedules with their supervisor
and coworkers. Some employees won’t take a vacation for two years, but then take a six, seven, or eight-week vacation every
three years, Swasey said.
Which brings to light one of the risks in enacting a frameless vacation policy, said George
Faulkner, principal in the absence management consulting group at Mercer, an HR and financial services firm. While Faulkner
generally supports programs that offer flexibility, he warns that with no pressure to "use 'em or lose 'em", some employees
may be inclined to work through the year without taking any time off.
Peer pressure may also be a factor. “If you take
time off, you may feel kind of guilty about letting others down and shifting burdens on them,” Faulkner said.
IBM (IBM) is probably one of the largest companies to have a flexible work-life system in
place. Of its 383,000 employees in 170 countries, 42% of them don’t regularly appear in an IBM office -- they’re either working
from home, traveling, or at a customer’s premises, according to Ron Glover, vice president of the company’s diversity and
workforce programs.
The company recognized a long time ago that its global presence and the nature of its business
meant giving its employees more flexibility. U.S. IBM employees often have to account for time differences when communicating
with Europe and Asia, and thus could theoretically work 365 days a year, Glover said.
Workers are given a set number
of weeks of vacation (three weeks in the U.S., but it varies by country and accrues with years of service), but the company
doesn’t ask them to strictly report their days off.
“I’ve had people on intense projects,” said Glover. “I may go
to people on that team and say ‘Don’t show up tomorrow. Take the day off.’”
The company encourages people to use their
vacation because it doesn’t allow end-of-year rollovers.
IBM runs an internal survey every two years to determine whether
its programs are working and what can be improved. The most recent survey showed employees’ ability to integrate work and
personal life is improving. And Glover said the company is looking for even more ways to create a healthier, happier workforce.
So
if IBM can do it, can anyone? That depends. Glover attributes IBM’s work-life success to its corporate culture and infrastructure,
arguing that it takes special skills to be able to motivate people when everyone’s working from a remote location. If a company
-- large or small -- doesn’t have the resources it may not be suited for this type of environment.
Industry is another
factor to consider. Faulkner at Mercer said service-related industries like health care, finance and software companies are
more likely to test these types of programs; manufacturing jobs, less likely due to the hands-on nature of the business.
While
only a few companies have fully integrated flex programs, Faulkner believes the underlying concept -- quality over quantity
-- will catch on with other companies.
“I do think that [the idea] is going to grow,” Faulkner said.
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