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A popular Wendy's commercial in the 80s made famous the question: "Where's the beef?" Good one. And here's an even better one: "Where's the alpha?" You might want to whip this one out the next time you meet with your portfolio manager.
Alpha is the over-and-above-the-expected return. It is the "value added." Therefore, it makes sense that a positive alpha means an investment has outperformed its market-predicted return, while a negative alpha would mean just the opposite. The expected return is calculated by a formula that takes into account the investment's level of unavoidable risk (aka beta).
Ever stepped into an elevator and after the doors close you become aware of an almost-suffocating scent coming from the woman next to you who must have bathed in perfume? Well, as you know, once the doors close you can't escape the smell until the ride is over. This is similar to beta, which is risk that can't be reduced or diversified away. A measure of "systematic" or market related risk, beta is used as a measure relative to a certain index -- such as the S&P 500.
So, for example, let¿s say your portfolio is managed to compete against the S&P 500. If you generate a better return than the index while not taking on added risk (standard deviation of returns) then you get alpha. Low beta means the market-related risk is low and vice versa for high beta.
Another example, let's say a mutual fund or stock has a beta of 1.5 relative to the S&
P500 ¿ that means it is 1.5 times as risky. So, over time, if the S&P 500 goes up 1%, your portfolio should be up 1.5%
plus (one can hope) some percentage of alpha. If the S&P 500 is down 1%, your portfolio should be down 1.5%.
Alpha
and beta are based off of linear regression of a set of data. Warning: this may cause a high school fifth-period flashback,
but it will be over before you know it:
The equation for a line is Y = a + bX.
a = alpha (the Y intercept - the added
value)
b = Beta (the coefficient you multiply X by)
X = S&P 500 (in this case)
Y = your portfolio
Home / Markets / Industries / Technology
Wednesday, May 07, 2008
New Industry Research Finds That Gaps Remain in Business Process Management Maturity
Comtex
RESTON, Va., May 07, 2008 (BUSINESS WIRE) ----According to a recent survey of nearly 300 executives, major gaps in maturity remain despite growing interest in business process management (BPM) as an enterprise discipline. In terms of the Capability Maturity Model Integrated (CMMI) scale, most enterprises in the research are described as Level 2 organizations that have begun to formally document their processes. However, these organizations have yet to fully implement an enterprise-process architecture, systematically measure performance or continually improve process efficiency and effectiveness at the enterprise-level, behavior associated with Level 3, 4 and 5 organizations respectively.
The survey, "The State of Business Process Management 2008," was conducted, analyzed and produced by BPTrends, a leading source of business intelligence for business process change with 20,000 members worldwide. Software AG, a global leader in business infrastructure software, was the exclusive sponsor of the research.
"The BPM market continued to develop and expand in 2007 as most enterprises now recognize its strategic potential. More growth is expected in the current year," said Paul Harmon, executive editor and co-founder of BPTrends, and co-author of the study. "The growing interest in Business Process Management Suites as a richer alternative to simply modeling processes was also noteworthy. Our research indicates that these organizations are typically more sophisticated in their overall approach to process management."
According to the survey, one-half of these enterprises are pursuing BPM as a strategic discipline. More specifically, 26% of respondents described BPM as a "major strategic commitment by executive management," while another 24% noted that their organizations had made "significant commitment to multiple high-level process projects."
In comparison with similar research conducted in 2006, the number of respondents identifying BPM as exclusively a set of software technologies declined from 16% to 9%. Rather, most described it more broadly as either "a top-down methodology designed to organize, manage and measure the organization based on the organization's core processes" (40%) or as "a systematic approach to analyzing, redesigning, improving and managing a specific process" (29%).
Greater consensus also emerged in 2007 versus 2006 in terms of adoption drivers. Over half of all respondents now identify "need to save money by reducing costs and/or improving productivity" (56% (2007) vs. 33% (2006)) and "need to improve management coordination or organizational responsiveness" (51% (2007) v. 23% (2006)) as their top two reasons for pursuing BPM.
Reflecting the relative immaturity of their adoption, the majority of respondents (55%) only "occasionally" documented and maintained their processes in an up-to-date manner. Not surprisingly, this lack of an enterprise process architecture limited many of their subsequent activities. For example, respondents only "occasionally" standardized process models, reused components across subsequent implementations or defined consistent measurement strategies.
"Users recognize that BPM is an extended journey and remain committed to making this passage. However, they're also seeking greater guidance in terms of education and training that will allow them to accelerate their efforts," said Celia Wolf, publisher and co-founder of BPTrends, and co-author of the study.
Likewise, a significant majority (61%) of respondents believed that their current business processes were either "occasionally" or "never" supported by their existing applications. This perception may have driven an increased focus on Business Process Management Suites (BPMS) as the number of respondents indicating that they currently plan to acquire this technology grew significantly from 11% in 2006 to 25% in 2007.
"Bringing modeling and execution together in a single platform is critical to delivering on BPM's promise of rapid process redesign and continuous process improvement. This is the unique role that BPMS plays," said Kiran Garimella, vice president for BPM Solutions, Software AG. "BPMS is also important for facilitating effective collaboration across the diverse stakeholders supporting BPM initiatives. All of this positions BPMS as a major driver of BPM's growth and success at the enterprise-level."
The survey attracted 274 qualified responses, which were drawn from BPTrends' global membership base, and was conducted in November and December of 2007. A majority of the respondents described themselves as Process Practitioner/Business Analyst (55%) followed by Business or Line of Business Manager (17%), IT Manager/IT Developer (15%) and Executive (12%). Geographically, respondents were split between North America (42%), Europe (30%), Asia/Australia (16%), Africa/Middle East (7%) and South America (5%), with responses drawn from more than fifteen industry sectors.
The full, 54-page report, "The State of Business Process Management 2008," is available for download via http://www.bptrends.com/surveys_landing.cfm
About Software AG
Software AG is the world's largest independent provider of Business Infrastructure Software. Our 4000 global enterprise customers achieve business results faster by modernizing, integrating and automating their IT systems and processes. As a result, they rapidly build measurable business value and meet changing business demands. Based on our solutions, organizations are able to liberate and govern their data, systems, applications, processes and services -- achieving new levels of business flexibility.
Our leading product portfolio includes solutions for high performance data management, developing and modernizing applications, enabling service oriented architecture, and improving business processes. By combining our technology with industry expertise and best practices experience, our customers improve and differentiate their businesses - faster.
Software AG has almost 40 years of global IT experience and over 3,600 employees serving customers in 70 countries. The company is headquartered in Germany and listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (TecDAX, ISIN DE 0003304002 / SOW). Software AG posted total revenues of EUR 621 million in 2007.
Software AG - Get There Faster
SOURCE: Software AG
Software AG John Conley Director of Public Relations +1 703-460-5996 John.Conley@SoftwareAG.com or Merritt Group (for Software AG) Jared B. Adams +1 703-390-1530 Adams@MerrittGrp.com
Copyright Business Wire 2008
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