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A popular Wendy's commercial in the 80s made famous the question: "Where's the beef?" Good one. And here's an even better one: "Where's the alpha?" You might want to whip this one out the next time you meet with your portfolio manager.
Alpha is the over-and-above-the-expected return. It is the "value added." Therefore, it makes sense that a positive alpha means an investment has outperformed its market-predicted return, while a negative alpha would mean just the opposite. The expected return is calculated by a formula that takes into account the investment's level of unavoidable risk (aka beta).
Ever stepped into an elevator and after the doors close you become aware of an almost-suffocating scent coming from the woman next to you who must have bathed in perfume? Well, as you know, once the doors close you can't escape the smell until the ride is over. This is similar to beta, which is risk that can't be reduced or diversified away. A measure of "systematic" or market related risk, beta is used as a measure relative to a certain index -- such as the S&P 500.
So, for example, let¿s say your portfolio is managed to compete against the S&P 500. If you generate a better return than the index while not taking on added risk (standard deviation of returns) then you get alpha. Low beta means the market-related risk is low and vice versa for high beta.
Another example, let's say a mutual fund or stock has a beta of 1.5 relative to the S&
P500 ¿ that means it is 1.5 times as risky. So, over time, if the S&P 500 goes up 1%, your portfolio should be up 1.5%
plus (one can hope) some percentage of alpha. If the S&P 500 is down 1%, your portfolio should be down 1.5%.
Alpha
and beta are based off of linear regression of a set of data. Warning: this may cause a high school fifth-period flashback,
but it will be over before you know it:
The equation for a line is Y = a + bX.
a = alpha (the Y intercept - the added
value)
b = Beta (the coefficient you multiply X by)
X = S&P 500 (in this case)
Y = your portfolio
Home / Markets / Industries / Energy
Monday, May 05, 2008
CMS Energy Reports First Quarter Net Income of $103 Million, or $0.44 Per Share, and Affirms Earnings Guidance
Comtex
JACKSON, Mich., May 5, 2008 /PRNewswire-FirstCall via COMTEX News Network/ ----CMS Energy announced today reported net income of $103 million, or $0.44 per share, for the first quarter of 2008, compared to a reported net loss of $215 million, or $0.97 per share, in the same quarter of 2007.
In the first quarter of 2007, the company was engaged in selling its international businesses and that resulted in a charge of $307 million, or $1.39 per share, that was not repeated in the first quarter of 2008.
CMS Energy's first quarter adjusted (non-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) results, which exclude the effects of asset sales and certain other items, also were $103 million, or $0.44 per share, consistent with the company's plan. In the first quarter of 2007, the company had adjusted net income of $92 million, or $0.42 per share, primarily excluding asset sale related charges.
CMS Energy reaffirmed its guidance for 2008 adjusted earnings of $1.20 per share. While the company expects 2008 reported earnings to be about the same as its adjusted earnings, reported earnings could vary because of gains or charges relating to previously sold assets or other factors.
David Joos, the president and chief executive officer of CMS Energy, said the company's solid first quarter results reflect the company's strategy to exit the international markets, reduce parent company debt, and invest substantially in Consumers Energy.
"We are pleased with our progress and will continue to implement our 'Growing Forward' strategy. Our plan is to invest more than $6 billion over the next five years in energy efficiency, renewable energy, environmental and customer service enhancements, and new power generation," Joos said.
He added that Michigan needed comprehensive energy policy reform to allow the company to fully implement its Growing Forward plan.
"The state House recently approved a wide-ranging package of legislation that would support the energy infrastructure investments needed to keep power prices affordable and help ensure reliable supplies of energy for Michigan customers. There's still work to be done, but we're encouraged with the progress that has been made."
CMS Energy (NYSE: CMS) is a Michigan-based company that has an electric and natural gas utility, Consumers Energy, as its primary business and also owns and operates independent power generation businesses.
CMS Energy provides financial results on both a reported (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and adjusted (non-GAAP) basis. Management views adjusted earnings as a key measure of the company's present operating financial performance, unaffected by discontinued operations, asset sales, impairments, or other items detailed in the attached summary financial statements. Certain contingent obligations arising in connection with previously disposed assets or discontinued operations have the potential to impact, favorably or unfavorably, the company's reported earnings in 2008.
This news release contains "forward-looking statements" as defined in Rule 3b-6 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Rule 175 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and relevant legal decisions. The forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. They should be read in conjunction with "FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INFORMATION" and "RISK FACTORS" each found in the MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS sections of CMS Energy's Form 10-K and Consumers' Form 10-K each for the Year Ended December 31, 2007. CMS Energy's and Consumers' "FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INFORMATION" and "RISK FACTORS" sections are incorporated herein by reference that discuss important factors that could cause CMS Energy's and Consumers' results to differ materially from those anticipated in such statements.
For more information on CMS Energy, please visit our web site at: www.cmsenergy.com
CMS Energy Corporation SUMMARIZED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) (In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts) First Quarter (Unaudited) 2008 2007 Operating Revenue $2,184 $2,189 Earnings (Loss) from Equity Method Investees (1) 19 Operating Expenses 1,930 2,232 Operating Income (Loss) $253 $(24) Other Income 19 23 Fixed Charges 100 105 Income (Loss) before Income Taxes $172 $(106) Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 64 (75) Income (Loss) before Minority Interests, Net $108 $(31) Minority Interests, Net 2 2 Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations $106 $(33) Loss from Discontinued Operations - (178) Net Income (Loss) $106 $(211) Preferred Dividends 3 3 Redemption Premium on Preferred Stock - 1 Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders $103 $(215) Income (Loss) Per Share Basic $0.46 $(0.97) Diluted 0.44 (0.97) CMS Energy Corporation SUMMARIZED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In Millions) March 31 December 31 2008 2007 (Unaudited) Assets Cash and cash equivalents $841 $348 Restricted cash 123 34 Other current assets 1,923 2,498 Total current assets $2,887 $2,880 Net plant and property 8,786 8,728 Investments 9 11 Non-current assets 2,560 2,573 Total assets $14,242 $14,192 Stockholders' Investment and Liabilities Capitalization Debt and capital and finance leases (*) Long-term debt and capital leases (excluding FIN 46 debt, finance leases and securitization debt) $6,241 $5,941 FIN 46 debt and finance leases 257 261 Total debt and capital and finance leases $6,498 $6,202 Preferred stock and securities 294 294 Minority interest 53 53 Common stockholders' equity 2,205 2,130 Total capitalization $9,050 $8,679 Securitization debt 301 309 Current liabilities 1,378 1,750 Non-current liabilities 3,513 3,454 Total Stockholders' Investment and Liabilities $14,242 $14,192 (*) Current and long-term CMS Energy Corporation SUMMARIZED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In Millions) First Quarter (Unaudited) 2008 2007 (**) Beginning of Period Cash $348 $351 Cash provided by operating activities $474 $315 Cash provided by (used in) investing activities (152) 6 Cash flow from operating and investing activities $322 $321 Cash provided by (used in) financing activities 171 (57) Currency Translation Adjustment - 1 Total Cash Flow $493 $265 End of Period Cash $841 $616 (**) Includes cash associated with discontinued operations. CMS Energy Corporation SUMMARY OF CONSOLIDATED EARNINGS Reconciliations of GAAP Net Income (Loss) to Non-GAAP Adjusted Net Income (In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts) First Quarter (Unaudited) 2008 2007 Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders $103 $(215) Reconciling Items: Discontinued Operations Loss (*) 178 Asset Impairment Charges - 157 Asset Sales Gains and Other * (28) Adjusted Net Income - Non-GAAP Basis, Including MTM Income (Loss) of $(1) in 2008 and $1 in 2007 $103 $92 Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding Basic 224 221 Diluted 237 221 Basic Earnings Per Average Common Share Net Income (Loss) Per Share as Reported $0.46 $(0.97) Reconciling Items: Discontinued Operations Loss (*) 0.80 Asset Impairment Charges - 0.71 Asset Sales Gains and Other * (0.12) Adjusted Net Income - Non-GAAP Basis, Including MTM Income of $ - in 2008 and $0.01 in 2007 $0.46 $0.42 Diluted Earnings Per Average Common Share Net Income (Loss) Per Share as Reported $0.44 $(0.97) Reconciling Items: Discontinued Operations Loss (*) 0.80 Asset Impairment Charges - 0.71 Asset Sales Gains and Other * (0.12) Adjusted Net Income - Non-GAAP Basis, Including MTM Income of $ - in 2008 and $0.01 in 2007 $0.44 $0.42 *Less than $500 thousand or $0.01 per share. Note: Management views adjusted (non-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) earnings as a key measure of the Company's present operating financial performance, unaffected by discontinued operations, asset sales, impairments, or other items detailed in these summary financial statements. Mark-to-market (MTM) is a non-cash accounting adjustment that primarily reflects changes in the market value of certain natural gas contracts.
SOURCE CMS Energy
http://www.cmsenergy.com
Copyright (C) 2008 PR Newswire. All rights reserved
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